Paper & Packaging
The paper and pulp industry is highly energy-intensive and has a significant carbon footprint, with biomass black fuel liquor and fossil fuel coal as the primary energy sources. In the industry, material transportation, alkali recovery, papermaking, pulping, and other production processes consume the most substantial share of energy. The sector is also is a massive waste generator. Paper mills expel dissolved matter, such as lignin, wastewater discharge, and the range of materials, such as chlorates and alcohol, present in the wastewater pollute rivers and other water bodies in the vicinity.
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