End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Treatment Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Treatment Type, By Modality, By End-User, By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, The Middle East and Africa) And Segment Forecasts, 2025 – 2033
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End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Treatment Market Growth And Insights
The global end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment market size was valued at USD 80.92 billion in 2024 and is estimated to reach USD 125.85 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.03% during the forecast period (2025–2033). In recent years, the rising number of patients requiring kidney transplants, coupled with a critical shortage of organ donors, is pushing investments in alternative treatments like xenotransplantation and regenerative medicine, driving the global end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment market growth.
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the kidneys can no longer function well enough to meet the body’s needs. At this stage, waste and fluid build up in the body, requiring treatment to replace lost kidney function. The main treatment options for ESKD include dialysis and kidney transplantation. Dialysis, either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, helps remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. However, a kidney transplant is considered the best long-term solution, offering improved quality of life and survival rates. Medications and lifestyle changes are also essential to managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Market Drivers
Rising prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), where kidney function declines to the point that dialysis or transplantation becomes necessary for survival. The surging prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, the two leading causes of CKD, has significantly contributed to the increasing number of ESKD cases worldwide.
- According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, CKD affects over 850 million people globally, with a significant portion advancing to ESKD. Additionally, in the United States, the CDC reports that nearly 37 million adults have CKD, with over 800,000 requiring dialysis or transplantation.
These trends highlight the surging need for advanced end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment solutions.
Market Restraint
Shortage of donor kidney
The shortage of donor kidneys remains a significant restraint in the end-stage kidney disease treatment market. The growing demand for kidney transplants far exceeds the available supply, resulting in long waiting lists and increased patient mortality rates. Many patients rely on dialysis as a temporary solution while awaiting a transplant, which affects their quality of life and increases healthcare costs.
Despite awareness campaigns and initiatives promoting organ donation, cultural and regulatory barriers hinder donor registration. The lack of suitable matches and organ rejection risks further complicating transplantation procedures, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative treatment solutions like bioartificial kidneys.
Market Opportunities
Growing demand for home dialysis solutions
The increasing preference for home-based dialysis solutions is transforming the end-stage kidney disease treatment market. Patients seek greater convenience, flexibility, and improved quality of life, leading to higher adoption of home hemodialysis (HHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Healthcare providers and regulatory bodies are also promoting home-based care to reduce hospital burden and overall treatment costs. Moreover, technological advancements in dialysis machines and remote patient monitoring have enhanced the safety and efficiency of home-based treatments.
- For instance, in September 2024, Fresenius Medical Care (FME) introduced the latest iteration of their home dialysis machine, the NxStage® Versi®HD with GuideMe Software, incorporating advancements aimed at streamlining treatment, facilitating learning, and enhancing user experience.
Such innovations are expected to drive further market expansion in the coming years.
Segmental Analysis
The dialysis segment dominates the global market due to its widespread adoption as a life-sustaining therapy. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are the two primary methods, with technological advancements improving efficiency and patient outcomes. Rising ESKD cases, growing preference for home dialysis, and government support for dialysis services drive market growth. Additionally, portable dialysis machines and artificial kidney research are expanding treatment options, enhancing accessibility and convenience for patients worldwide.
In-center dialysis remains a crucial component of the ESKD treatment market, offering specialized care under medical supervision. These facilities provide routine hemodialysis sessions, ensuring patient safety, infection control, and access to nephrology experts. The segment benefits from increasing dialysis centers, favorable reimbursement policies, and rising geriatric patients requiring consistent treatment. However, travel constraints and time-consuming sessions pose challenges. Advancements in facility infrastructure and telehealth integration are enhancing patient experience and treatment efficiency in dialysis centers globally.
Hospitals and clinics play a vital role in ESKD management, providing comprehensive treatment, including dialysis, kidney transplants, and emergency care. These institutions offer multidisciplinary expertise, advanced equipment, and post-transplant monitoring, ensuring better patient outcomes. Growth in healthcare infrastructure, increasing hospital-based dialysis units, and government investments in renal care drive segment expansion. Moreover, collaborations with dialysis providers and research institutes enhance treatment accessibility. However, high operational costs and patient congestion challenge the market share.
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Regional Analysis
Asia-Pacific
The Asia-Pacific region is emerging as a significant market for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment due to its large population base, increasing prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and expanding healthcare infrastructure. Countries like China, India, and Japan are witnessing a surge in ESKD cases, primarily driven by rising diabetes and hypertension rates. For instance, in China, the number of dialysis patients exceeded 800,000 in 2023, with demand for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis growing rapidly.
Government initiatives and healthcare investments are also playing a crucial role in market expansion. In India, the government's Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme (PMNDP) provides free dialysis services to underprivileged patients, significantly boosting access to treatment. Similarly, Japan, with its advanced healthcare system, has the highest number of dialysis patients per capita, driven by strong insurance coverage and a well-established dialysis infrastructure.
Technological advancements and foreign investments are further shaping the region's market. For instance, Baxter and Fresenius Medical Care have been actively expanding dialysis centers in Southeast Asia, enhancing treatment accessibility. Additionally, China's research into bioartificial kidneys and xenotransplantation is paving the way for innovative solutions to address the shortage of donor organs.
With an increasing focus on home dialysis, regulatory reforms, and emerging telehealth solutions, Asia-Pacific is expected to be a major driver of growth in the ESKD treatment market in the coming years.
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Competitive Landscape
- Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA
- DaVita Inc.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Nipro Corporation
- B. Braun Melsungen AG
- Medtronic plc
- Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd.
- Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- Cantel Medical
- Others
Recent Developments
- April 2025- The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) announced that a research team from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering has developed a compact peritoneal dialysis device, functioning as a portable artificial kidney, in partnership with research teams from the College of Medicine at Seoul National University, Seoul National University Hospital, and Hallym University's Department of Convergence and New Materials Engineering.
